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TSH is thyroid-stimulating hormone. The pituitary gland makes it, and uses it to drive your thyroid. At the laboratory that runs the test the usual adult range runs from 0.27 to 4.20 mE/L. A high TSH usually fits an underactive thyroid. A low value usually fits an overactive one. That direction feels inverted, and it is. TSH is the pituitary signal, not the thyroid hormone itself. Laboratories use slightly different limits from one another. Always read the reference value printed on your own result. And a single measurement is never a diagnosis.

A prolactin blood test measures the level of prolactin, a pituitary hormone primarily known for its role in lactation. Prolactin also influences reproductive function, immune regulation, and metabolic processes in both men and women.

AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) is made by the granulosa cells around the small, growing follicles in the ovary. The more of those follicles still waiting in the queue, the higher the value. That is why AMH is used as a measure of ovarian reserve: the size of the remaining egg supply. Unlike FSH and LH, AMH is not driven by the pituitary. The value therefore barely fluctuates within a cycle and can be drawn on any cycle day, without you having to fast. AMH estimates a number, not a quality. It predicts well how the ovaries respond to hormonal stimulation, but says little about the chance of conceiving naturally. It is not a fertility score.

Estradiol (E2) is the most potent form of estrogen, playing a key role in reproductive health, bone density, and cardiovascular function. Abnormal levels may indicate hormonal imbalances that your healthcare provider can help evaluate.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced by the pituitary gland and plays an essential role in reproductive function. It regulates egg development in women and sperm production in men. Abnormal levels may indicate changes in fertility or hormonal health.

An LH blood test measures luteinizing hormone, a pituitary hormone essential for reproductive function. LH plays a key role in triggering ovulation in women and stimulating testosterone production in men.

Free T4 (thyroxine) is the main hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It may serve as a precursor that your body converts into the more active T3. Healthcare providers often consider Free T4 a primary indicator of thyroid gland output.

Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in cell division and DNA synthesis. Adequate folate levels are considered important for overall health and may be particularly relevant during periods of rapid growth.

Vitamin B12 is considered essential for red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. Deficiency may develop gradually and is sometimes associated with dietary patterns. Healthcare providers can help interpret your results.

Ferritin is a protein that stores iron, so your ferritin level shows how large your iron reserve is. Serum iron only measures how much iron is circulating in your blood at that moment; ferritin describes the reserve behind it. That reserve empties before your haemoglobin falls, so a low ferritin can already cause symptoms while your blood count still looks normal. Ferritin also rises with inflammation, infection and liver strain, which is why it can only be read properly alongside a CRP. Commonly used reference values are 30 to 400 µg/l for men and 15 to 150 µg/l for women, but your own laboratory report is what counts.

A progesterone blood test measures the level of progesterone, a hormone essential for the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Progesterone is primarily produced by the ovaries after ovulation and plays a key role in preparing the uterus for implantation.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in calcium absorption, bone health, and immune function. It is primarily produced in the skin through sunlight exposure and can also be obtained from certain foods and supplements.

The Chlamydia IgG antibody test detects antibodies produced in response to a past Chlamydia trachomatis infection. A positive result indicates prior exposure but cannot distinguish between an active and a previously cleared infection.

The HIV Combo test is a fourth-generation test that detects both HIV p24 antigen and HIV antibodies simultaneously. This dual approach enables earlier detection compared to antibody-only tests, typically within two to six weeks after exposure.

The Syphilis Screening test is a treponemal-based test that detects antibodies specifically directed against Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis. Once positive, this test typically remains positive for life, regardless of treatment.

A blood type test determines your ABO blood group and Rh factor. Knowing your blood type is essential for safe blood transfusions, organ transplants, and pregnancy planning.

TPO antibodies target the thyroid peroxidase enzyme involved in thyroid hormone production. Elevated levels may indicate autoimmune thyroid conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Your healthcare provider can help determine what your TPO antibody results mean for your health.

A CMV IgG test detects IgG antibodies against cytomegalovirus (CMV) in your blood. A positive result typically indicates a past CMV infection and suggests that your immune system has developed long-term immunity to the virus.

A Hepatitis B Core Antibody (anti-HBc) test detects antibodies produced in response to the core antigen of the hepatitis B virus. A positive result may indicate a current, past, or resolved hepatitis B infection and should be interpreted alongside other hepatitis B markers.

A Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) test detects the presence of HBsAg in your blood, which is one of the earliest indicators of a hepatitis B infection. A positive result may indicate an active hepatitis B infection and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

A Hepatitis C Antibody (anti-HCV) test detects antibodies produced by the immune system in response to the hepatitis C virus. A positive result indicates exposure to the virus but does not distinguish between a current or past infection. Further testing is needed for confirmation.

A Rubella IgG test detects IgG antibodies against the rubella virus in your blood. The presence of IgG antibodies typically indicates immunity to rubella through past infection or successful vaccination.

A Toxoplasmosis IgG test detects IgG antibodies against the Toxoplasma gondii parasite in your blood. The presence of IgG antibodies typically indicates a past infection, suggesting that you have been previously exposed and have developed an immune response.

A Varicella Zoster test detects antibodies against the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in your blood. This virus causes chickenpox (varicella) during initial infection and may reactivate later in life as shingles (herpes zoster). Testing helps determine your immunity status.

D-Dimer is a fibrin degradation product released when blood clots are broken down. Elevated D-Dimer indicates that clot formation and breakdown (fibrinolysis) is occurring, but it is not specific to any particular condition. It is most commonly used to help rule out venous thromboembolism (DVT/PE).

A basic blood count measures three core values in your blood: hemoglobin, white blood cells and platelets. Together they say something about oxygen transport, immune defence and clotting. It is a simple baseline check, without the red-cell indices and white-cell differential of a complete blood count.