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Hematology

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis

Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a laboratory technique that separates and identifies different types of hemoglobin in your blood. It is primarily used to detect hemoglobin variants and diagnose inherited blood disorders such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia.

Doctor's Assessment Included

Reference Ranges

No established reference range

A haemoglobin electrophoresis does not produce a single number but a pattern of fractions (HbA, HbA2, HbF and any variants such as HbS or HbC). One reference interval for the test as a whole cannot be interpreted: a clinically important raised HbA2 — the marker of beta-thalassaemia carriership — would be wrongly reported as "low". The result is assessed per fraction.

Reference ranges may vary between laboratories. When you order a test, a BIG-registered doctor assesses your personal results in context. For treatment decisions, discuss your results with your GP.

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: what this test measures

This test separates the different types of hemoglobin present in your blood based on their electrical charge and size. It identifies the proportions of normal hemoglobin (HbA, HbA2, HbF) and detects abnormal variants such as HbS (sickle hemoglobin) or HbC.

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: why this value matters

Identifying hemoglobin variants is important for diagnosing conditions such as sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and other hemoglobinopathies. Early detection allows for appropriate management, genetic counselling, and informed family planning decisions.

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: when is testing worthwhile?

Testing may be recommended as part of newborn screening, when a hemoglobin disorder is suspected based on symptoms or family history, or before planned anaesthesia. It may also be suggested for individuals from populations with higher prevalence of hemoglobin disorders.

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: lifestyle and this value

If you carry a hemoglobin variant, share this information with your healthcare providers. Consider genetic counselling if planning a family, especially if both partners carry a trait. Stay informed about your specific variant and follow recommended screening schedules.

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: frequently asked questions

What is the difference between having a trait and having the disease?

Carrying a trait (such as sickle cell trait) means you have one copy of the variant gene and typically do not have symptoms. Having the disease means you have two copies, which can cause significant health effects. A healthcare provider or genetic counsellor can explain your specific results.

Should my family members be tested?

If a hemoglobin variant is detected, it may be recommended that close family members also undergo testing. This is especially relevant for siblings, children, and partners who may be planning a family together. Consult a healthcare professional for guidance.

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