Doctor's Assessment Included
Every result includes a professional assessment from a BIG-registered doctor. For treatment decisions, discuss your results with your GP.
AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein)
An AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein) blood test measures the level of alpha-fetoprotein in your blood. AFP is a protein produced primarily by the fetal liver during pregnancy, and levels are normally very low in healthy non-pregnant adults. Elevated levels may be associated with liver conditions, certain types of tumors, or pregnancy. This test alone cannot diagnose cancer and should always be interpreted by a healthcare professional in the context of other clinical findings.
What It Measures
This test measures the concentration of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in your blood. AFP is a glycoprotein produced by the fetal liver and yolk sac during pregnancy. In healthy non-pregnant adults, AFP levels are typically very low. The test is used as a tumor marker, primarily to monitor liver health and to support the evaluation of certain germ cell tumors, but it is not a standalone diagnostic tool.
Why It Matters
Monitoring AFP levels can be important for individuals with known liver conditions or those being evaluated for certain tumors. Elevated AFP may be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer), germ cell tumors, or benign conditions such as chronic liver disease, hepatitis, or cirrhosis. However, elevated levels do not necessarily indicate cancer, and normal levels do not rule it out. Results should always be interpreted by a healthcare professional alongside other diagnostic tests and clinical information.
When to Test
AFP testing may be recommended if you have chronic liver disease, hepatitis B or C, cirrhosis, or are being monitored for liver cancer or germ cell tumors. Your healthcare professional may also request this test as part of a broader evaluation. Consult a healthcare professional for guidance on whether this test is appropriate for your situation.
Symptoms
High Levels
Elevated AFP levels may be associated with liver conditions such as hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis, or cirrhosis, as well as certain germ cell tumors. Elevated levels can also occur during pregnancy. However, elevated AFP does not necessarily indicate cancer and may have many other explanations. Always consult a healthcare professional for proper interpretation.
Lifestyle Tips
Maintain a healthy lifestyle to support liver health: limit alcohol consumption, eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, avoid tobacco use, and attend regular health check-ups. If you have chronic liver disease, follow your healthcare professional's recommendations for monitoring and treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can an AFP test diagnose cancer?
No, an AFP test alone cannot diagnose cancer. It is one tool among many that healthcare professionals use. Elevated AFP levels can be caused by various conditions, including benign liver disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and pregnancy. Your healthcare professional will interpret the results alongside other diagnostic tests and clinical findings.
What conditions can cause elevated AFP levels?
Elevated AFP may be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer), germ cell tumors, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and pregnancy. Some individuals may have mildly elevated levels without any significant underlying condition. A healthcare professional should evaluate the results in context.
Can AFP levels be elevated even if I do not have cancer?
Yes, AFP levels can be elevated in many non-cancerous conditions, including chronic liver disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and pregnancy. This is why the test is not used as a standalone diagnostic tool. Your healthcare professional will consider the full clinical picture when interpreting your results.