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Urine Leukocytes
Leukocytes in urine are white blood cells detected in a urine sample. In a healthy adult the expected result is negative. A dipstick does not measure the cells directly but leukocyte esterase, an enzyme released by neutrophil granulocytes. That is why the pad can stay positive once the cells themselves have broken down. A positive result means immune cells are active somewhere in the urinary tract, but on its own it does not prove a urinary tract infection. Leukocytes in urine are also entirely separate from the leukocyte count in blood: a different test, a different sample, a different meaning.
Urine Specific Gravity
Specific gravity reflects how concentrated your urine is, which is closely tied to how well hydrated you are. It typically ranges from about 1.002 to 1.035.
Urine pH
Urine pH describes how acidic or alkaline your urine is. It naturally varies through the day with diet, hydration and other factors, and usually falls between roughly 4.5 and 8.0.
Urine Bilirubin
Bilirubin is a yellow pigment formed when red blood cells break down. It is normally not found in urine, so a positive dipstick result can point to the liver or bile ducts.